艾滋病毒感染的吸毒者具有皮肤性性的高风险活跃结核病
P A Selwyn1, B M Sckell, P Alcabes
1Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
JAMA
|July 22, 1992
概括
艾滋病毒阳性注射药物使用者面临着活跃结核病的高风险. 在HIV阳性结核素反应器中,异酸预防显著降低了结核病发病率.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 仍然是一个重大的全球健康问题,特别是在弱势群体中.
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染大大增加了结核病再激活和进展的风险.
- 吸毒者是艾滋病毒和结核病共感染的高风险群体.
研究的目的:
- 确定艾滋病病毒阳性和艾滋病病毒阴性药物注射者与皮肤 anergy. 活跃结核病的发病率.
- 评估异化物化学预防治疗在注射药物使用者中预防结核病的有效性,结核素检测结果呈阳性.
主要方法:
- 在纽约市的甲计划中进行了一项前性观察研究.
- 受试者接受了结核素检测和多重抗原延迟型过敏性皮肤检测.
- 结核病发病率是基于艾滋病毒血清状况, anergy 和异化治疗计算的.
主要成果:
- 艾滋病毒阳性无菌体受试者有7.6%的活跃结核病发病率,这一比例与未经治疗的艾滋病毒阳性结核素反应器相当.
- 活跃结核病的发病率在艾滋病毒阳性无毒人群中为每100人/年6.6例.
- 艾滋病毒阳性结核素反应器中12个月的伊索尼亚齐德预防显示,与未治疗或部分治疗的个体相比,活跃结核病的发病率降低.
结论:
- 感染艾滋病毒的HIV阳性注射药物使用者具有皮肤性无能性,患有活跃结核病的风险很高.
- 伊索尼亚齐德化学预防似乎有效地减少了艾滋病病毒阳性结核素反应器中结核病发病率.
- 在高患病率的环境中,建议对艾滋病毒阳性个体进行常规皮肤检测和考虑异化预防.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...


