短马射线爆发GRB 050709 的光学余照
Jens Hjorth1, Darach Watson, Johan P U Fynbo
1Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. jens@astro.ku.dk
Nature
|October 7, 2005
概括
研究人员报告了对短玛射线爆发 (GRB) 的第一个光学后发光发现. 对GRB 050709的这一发现表明,短GRB可能与长GRB的起源不同,而长GRB与超新星有关.
科学领域:
- 天文学和天体物理学
- 高能天体物理学 高能天体物理学
背景情况:
- 马射线爆发 (GRBs) 根据它们的发射时间被分为长时间 (>2秒) 和短时间 (<2秒).
- 据了解,长时间的GRB与Ic型超新星有关,其X射线和光学后照的研究有助于研究.
- 从历史上看,短GRB一直逃避光学检测,阻碍了它们的表征.
研究的目的:
- 报告第一次检测到短时间GRB的短暂光学辐射.
- 为了定位短GRB并描述其余光属性.
- 通过比较它们的余照与长GRB的余照来调查短GRB的起源.
主要方法:
- 使用精确的X射线定位数据用于短时间的GRBs.
- 检测并局部化了与GRB 050709相关的短暂光学发射 (R频段大小~23),使用亚秒准确度.
- 分析了GRB 050709在爆炸后大约34小时的光学和X射线后照特性.
主要成果:
- 成功检测并定位了短GRB 050709.9的光学后照.
- 光学余照在蓝矮星系的郊区被发现.
- 观测到的光学和X射线后照的特征与长GRB的特征相似,归因于超相对性弹射的同步子辐射.
结论:
- 与GRB 050709相关的超新星没有被检测到,与大多数附近的长GRB后照不同,这表明短GRB的起源是不同的.
- 这些发现提供了关于短玛射线爆发的性质和祖先的关键见解.
- 这一发现为通过它们的光学余照来研究短GRB开辟了新的途径.
相关概念视频
Emission Spectra
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
Absorption of Radiation
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
A pair of electrons in a...
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation
Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...


