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Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
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基因组突变H2A.Z标记了euchromatin中活跃和不活跃基因的5'末端
Ryan M Raisner1, Paul D Hartley, Marc D Meneghini
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Cell
|October 22, 2005
概括
基因突变H2A.Z在酵母中的基因促进子区域形成核体,从而形成基因调节所必需的无核体区域. 这种模式发生在活跃和不活跃的基因中,由特定的DNA序列和蛋白质相互作用指导.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 基斯变体H2A.Z在防止S. cerevisiae中异性染色素的传播方面发挥着作用.
- H2A.Z通常在静态异性染色素的边界发现.
- 了解H2A.Z的精确基因组分布对于基因调节的洞察至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究H2A.Z核细胞在酵母基因组中的分布.
- 确定参与H2A.Z沉积的DNA元素和因素.
- 为了阐明H2A.Z定位与无核酶体区域相关的功能意义.
主要方法:
- 染色体免疫沉和测序 (ChIP-seq) 来绘制H2A.Z分布的地图.
- 局部定向的突变发生改变促进体DNA序列.
- 分析基因素修饰和蛋白质-DNA相互作用.
主要成果:
- H2A.Z核细胞在S. cerevisiae.中几乎所有 euchromatic 基因的 5' 端进行丰富.
- 这些H2A.Z核细胞体围绕着一个包含转录起点的无核细胞体区域 (NFR).
- 一个22bp的DNA段,包括一个Reb1结合点和一个dT:dA通道,足以编程NFR形成和H2A.Z侧翼.
- H2A.Z的沉积是通过素H3/H4的乙化模式和Swr1复合物的组成部分Bdf1.1促进的.
结论:
- H2A.Z核酶定位在基因促进体上是酵母 euchromatin 中广泛存在的现象.
- 特定的DNA序列和表观遗传因素调节H2A.Z沉积以建立NFRs.
- 这种由H2A.Z介导的染色体组织对于调节基因表达至关重要,无论基因活动状态如何.
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相关概念视频
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...