政策. 政策. 政策. 停止OPV - - 这是迈向"无脊髓灰质炎"世界的最后一步
R Bruce Aylward1, Roland W Sutter, David L Heymann
1Global Polio Eradication Initiative, World Health Organization, Geneva 27 Switzerland. aylwardb@who.int
概括
全球消除脊髓灰质炎的努力正在引入一种新的疫苗,即单价口服脊髓灰质炎1型疫苗 (mOPV1),以消除最后的脊髓灰质炎病毒储存库. 目前正在计划停止使用所有口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (OPV) 由于罕见的麻风险.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 传染病控制中的传染病控制
背景情况:
- 全球脊髓灰质炎根除倡议 (GPEI) 是一项为期20年的40亿美元的国际努力.
- 野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的根除工作即将完成,剩下的储存库很少.
- 口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (OPV) 发挥了重要作用,但具有引起性脊髓灰质炎的罕见风险.
研究的目的:
- 审查停止使用活口口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的可行性和影响.
- 讨论从目前的OPV策略过渡到根除后的疫苗接种计划.
主要方法:
- 审查全球脊髓灰质炎根除倡议的战略.
- 分析与口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关的风险和益处.
- 评估全球停止使用OPV的影响.
主要成果:
- 2005年4月在印度推出单价口服1型脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (mOPV1),以准剩余的脊髓灰质炎病毒储备.
- 目前,GPEI正计划在全球范围内同步停止OPV的常规使用.
- 停药的主要驱动因素是OPVs罕见的可能导致麻性脊髓灰质炎的爆发.
结论:
- 引入mOPV1是消除最后的脊髓灰质炎病毒储存库的关键一步.
- 为了防止疫苗相关的麻性脊髓灰质炎,需要精心计划的全球停止OPV使用.
- 远离活体脊髓灰质炎疫苗的过渡需要战略规划,以确保持续的无脊髓灰质炎状态.
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