预防慢性疾病:我们能挽救多少人的生命?
Kathleen Strong1, Colin Mathers, Stephen Leeder
1Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, WHO, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. strongk@who.int
Lancet (London, England)
|November 1, 2005
概括
在全球范围内,心脏病和癌症等慢性疾病每年造成数百万人的死亡,不成比例地影响低收入国家. 慢性病死亡率每年减少2%可以在2015年之前预防3600万例死亡.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 预计包括心脏病,中风和癌症在内的慢性疾病将在2005年造成3500万人的死亡.
- 这些死亡的绝大多数 (80%) 将发生在低收入和中等收入国家,在30-69岁的成年人中死亡率更高.
- 与高收入国家相比,低收入和中等收入国家中,这些可预防疾病的死亡率明显高于高收入国家.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个新的全球目标,以减少慢性疾病的死亡率.
- 将预防和控制工作集中在国际卫生问题上.
- 估计慢性疾病死亡率每年减少2%的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用2005年和2015年因各种原因而导致的死亡的全球预测.
- 分析全球人口,选定的国家和世界银行收入群体的数据.
- 计算从拟议目标中获得的潜在避免死亡和生命年数.
主要成果:
- 慢性病死亡率每年减少2%可以在2015年之前避免3600万人的死亡.
- 这一目标预计将在2006年至2015年期间增加约5亿年的生命.
- 大多数避免死亡和增加寿命的预期是在低收入和中等收入国家,近一半受益于70岁以下的个人.
结论:
- 实施一个全球目标,每年将慢性疾病死亡率降低2%,这是可行的和有影响力的.
- 这一战略为国际卫生提供了巨大的好处,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 拟议的目标解决了一个关键的全球健康挑战,具有拯救生命和改善寿命的巨大潜力.
相关概念视频
01:30Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
01:26Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
01:26COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
01:20Lifestyle Factors and Health
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...