应对印度慢性疾病的威胁
K Srinath Reddy1, Bela Shah, Cherian Varghese
1Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. ksreddy@ichealth.org
Lancet (London, England)
|November 18, 2005
概括
慢性疾病,包括心血管疾病,糖尿病和癌症,是印度的主要死亡和残疾原因. 应对这些非传染性疾病需要增加资源和协调多部门干预.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 印度正在经历重大的健康转型,慢性疾病现在导致一半以上的死亡和相当大的残疾负担.
- 心血管疾病和糖尿病在城市人口中尤为普遍,而与烟草有关的癌症占所有癌症病例的很大一部分.
- 高血压和脂质失调的高发病率被管理得不够好,导致慢性疾病负担日益增加.
研究的目的:
- 分析印度当前的慢性疾病负担.
- 确定关键的风险因素和受非传染性疾病影响最严重的人口群体.
- 评估用于预防和控制慢性疾病的现有和计划的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 分析国家卫生统计和慢性疾病流行病学数据.
- 审查现有的公共卫生计划和疾病控制的立法框架.
- 评估影响健康转型的人口和社会经济因素.
主要成果:
- 慢性疾病占印度53%的死亡和44%的残疾调整后生命年损失.
- 烟草消费仍然很高,特别是在农村和较贫穷的社区.
- 尽管已经建立了像国家癌症控制计划和烟草控制法律这样的计划,但针对心血管疾病和糖尿病的综合策略仍在发展.
结论:
- 印度面临着慢性疾病的快速升级负担,预计在未来二十年内会恶化.
- 加强资源配置,多部门政策协调和改善卫生系统参与对于有效预防和控制慢性疾病至关重要.
- 迫切需要采取综合干预措施来管理日益增长的非传染性疾病流行病.
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