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相关概念视频

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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相关实验视频

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A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

TRAF3在托尔类受体依赖和独立抗病毒反应中的关键作用.

Gagik Oganesyan1, Supriya K Saha, Beichu Guo

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Nature
|November 25, 2005
PubMed
概括

瘤亡因子受体相关因子3 (TRAF3) 对于针对病毒感染的I型干扰素反应的增加至关重要. 缺陷TRAF3会影响托尔类受体介导和独立的抗病毒防御.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 病毒学 病毒学

背景情况:

  • I型干扰素 (IFN) 对于对病毒的天生的免疫力至关重要.
  • 收费类受体 (TLR) 和细胞内传感器,如蛋白激酶R (PKR),在病毒检测时激活I型IFN生产.

研究的目的:

  • 调查瘤坏死因子受体相关因子3 (TRAF3) 在I型IFN产生和先天抗病毒反应中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 研究了TRAF3缺乏细胞中的I型IFN反应.
  • 分析了TRAF3与TLR适配器 (TRIF,IRAK1) 和激酶 (TBK1,IKK-epsilon) 的相互作用.
  • 对TLR刺激和直接病毒感染 (气囊性口腔炎病毒) 的评估反应.

主要成果:

  • 缺少TRAF3的细胞对各种TLRs表现出缺陷的I型IFN反应.
  • 发现TRAF3与TRIF,IRAK1,TBK1和IKK-epsilon结合在一起,将TLR与IRF激活联系起来.
  • 缺乏TRAF3的细胞表现出对病毒感染的反应受损,这表明它们在TLR独立途径中起作用.

结论:

  • 对于将TLR信号连接到下游激酶以激活IRF,TRAF3是必不可少的.
  • 在TLR依赖的和TLR独立的先天抗病毒免疫路径中,TRAF3起着至关重要的作用.
  • TRAF3是I型IFN产生和整体先天性抗病毒防御的主要调节者.