动物微RNA赋予基因表达的稳定性,并对3'UTR进化产生重大影响
Alexander Stark1, Julius Brennecke, Natascha Bushati
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Cell
|December 13, 2005
概括
微RNAs (miRNAs) 调节基因表达. 具有短3'UTR的基因避免了miRNA调节,确保了精确的发育程序并保持了组织身份.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 微RNAs (miRNAs) 是真核生物中基因表达的关键转录后调节者.
- 据估计,所有基因中有20%-30%是动物miRNA调节的目标.
- 在发育基因调节中miRNAs的精确作用需要进一步阐明.
研究的目的:
- 研究基因避免miRNA调节的机制.
- 探索基因联合表达,miRNA结合部位和组织特异性表达之间的关系.
- 了解miRNAs如何为发育基因表达程序的准确性做出贡献.
主要方法:
- 在基因组中分析了3个UTR和miRNA结合位点分布.
- 基因协同表达模式与miRNA标预测的比较.
- 对miRNA及其基因的组织特异性表达特征的检查.
主要成果:
- 参与基本细胞过程的大量基因具有短3 UTRs,缺少miRNA结合点,从而避免调节.
- 同表达的基因倾向于避免miRNA结合部位,而目标基因和miRNA在邻近组织中表现出优先表达.
- 在特定组织中观察到miRNA和它们的基因之间相互排斥的表达模式.
结论:
- 短3 UTR 作为一种避免 miRNA 调节在必要的细胞过程中的机制.
- 微RNA及其点之间的空间和协同表达关系表明在确保发育准确性方面发挥了作用.
- 微RNA增强发育基因表达的精度,增强组织身份,并支持细胞谱系决策.
相关概念视频
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...