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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

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Published on: January 7, 2018

用代谢综合征的替代定义预测2型糖尿病:胰岛素抵抗性动脉样硬化研究.

Anthony J G Hanley1, Andrew J Karter, Ken Williams

  • 1Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.

Circulation
|December 14, 2005
PubMed
概括

代谢综合征标准有效预测2型糖尿病 (DM) 风险. 然而,修改或扩展定义,包括国际糖尿病联合会和NCEP标准,对改善DM预测准确性的影响有限.

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Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
09:48

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Published on: February 17, 2023

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome
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科学领域:

  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 心血管疾病研究研究
  • 代谢健康 代谢健康

背景情况:

  • 代谢综合征与心血管疾病 (CVD) 和2型糖尿病 (DM) 有关.
  • 了解DM的预测因素对于CVD风险评估至关重要.
  • 现有的代谢综合征标准在预测能力上有所不同.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较不同代谢综合征标准的预测能力,胰岛素抵抗 (IR) 标志物,炎症标志物,以及发生DM的葡萄糖耐受性损害 (IGT).
  • 评估国家胆固醇教育计划 (NCEP) 代谢综合征定义的修改是否提高了DM预测.

主要方法:

  • 从胰岛素耐药性动脉样硬化研究中对822名非糖尿病患者 (40-69岁) 的分析.
  • 随访时间为5.2年,以确定发生的DM病例.
  • 使用后勤回归和接收器操作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析,比较各种代谢综合征定义 (IDF,NCEP,WHO),IR标志物和IGT.

主要成果:

  • IGT,代谢综合征定义和IR标志物显著预测了DM (ORs3.4-5.4,P<0.001).
  • 不同的代谢综合征定义之间没有发现预测能力 (ROC曲线下的区域) 的显著差异.
  • 对NCEP定义的修改或补充并没有显著改善DM预测.

结论:

  • 国际糖尿病联合会和NCEP代谢综合征定义预测DM与世卫组织定义相比.
  • 将IR或炎症标志物添加到NCEP标准中并没有显著提高DM预测.
  • 对NCEP代谢综合征定义的修改对预测2型糖尿病的影响很小.