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相关概念视频

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 7, 2026

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
12:08

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

短端粒,即使在端粒酶的存在下,也限制了组织的更新能力.

Ling-Yang Hao1, Mary Armanios, Margaret A Strong

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Cell
|December 20, 2005
PubMed
概括

限制端粒酶会损害端粒维护,导致干细胞衰竭和类似于先天性皮质障碍症的疾病. 短端粒,而不是端粒酶水平,似乎是导致这些干细胞缺陷的原因.

科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 自体主导的先天性硬化症与端粒酶的异性突变有关.
  • 端粒对于保持基因组稳定性和细胞功能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究端粒酶对端粒长度和维持的剂量效应.
  • 了解端粒长度,端粒酶水平和干细胞功能之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 在CAST/EiJ背景上生成具有固有的短端粒的mTR+/-小鼠.
  • 异构细胞的交配,以观察跨代的渐进式端粒缩短.
  • 评估骨髓,肠道和丸的组织更新能力.

主要成果:

  • 在异构卵体中发生了渐进的端粒缩短,证实了有限的端粒酶会影响维护.
  • 后一代异胞体表现出降低了组织更新能力,反映了患者的先天性缺陷.
  • 来自后代异构卵的野生型小鼠 (wt*) 也具有短端粒和生殖细胞缺陷,这表明端粒长度是主要决定因素.

结论:

  • 短端粒,而不是端粒酶水平,是干细胞衰竭的主要原因.

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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay

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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Published on: April 13, 2015

  • 短端粒可以诱导一种神秘的遗传疾病,即使在正常的端粒酶水平.
  • 端粒长度是决定干细胞功能和组织恒温的关键因素.