双色染色体合作识别甲基化素H3尾部
John F Flanagan1, Li-Zhi Mi, Maksymilian Chruszcz
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
Nature
|December 24, 2005
概括
人类CHD1染色体组合作结合甲基化组织素H3尾巴 (H3K4me),这是活性染色素的标志. 这种相互作用使用一种独特的结合机制,与其他染色体蛋白质不同.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 染色体识别基尾和核酸上的甲基化氨酸残留物.
- 染色体-酶-DNA结合 (CHD) 蛋白质利用双染色体和ATPase域进行ATP依赖的核细胞调节.
- 特定的CHD异型对更大的复合体内的核细胞重塑至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明人类CHD1的合染色体的结构.
- 为了研究CHD1染色体与基因素尾巴的相互作用.
- 了解CHD1识别甲基化组素H3.3的机制.
主要方法:
- 进行X射线晶体学以确定CHD1双染色体的结构.
- 生物化学试验研究与素H3的相互作用.
- 与其他含有染色体蛋白的蛋白质进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 该结构显示出一种合作结合模式,其中两个CHD1染色体与单个甲基化素H3尾巴相互作用.
- 人类CHD1双染色体特别准与活性染色素相关的氨酸4-甲基化组织素H3尾 (H3K4me).
- CHD1采用一种独特的甲基识别机制,使用两个芳香残留物和独特的插入物,与HP1和Polycomb蛋白质不同.
结论:
- CHD1染色体的合作结合和独特识别机制对于其在染色体调节中的作用至关重要.
- CHD1与H3K4me的相互作用突出了其在维持活跃的转录状态方面的功能.
- 结构洞察力为了解ATP依赖的染色质重塑中的CHD蛋白功能提供了基础.
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Acetylation
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Acetylation
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Euchromatin
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Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
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Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
