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相关概念视频

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 (Ehmeth) Enzyme
12:36

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 (Ehmeth) Enzyme

Published on: October 19, 2010

通过DNA甲基转移酶同源Dnmt2对tRNAAsp的甲基化.

Mary Grace Goll1, Finn Kirpekar, Keith A Maggert

  • 1Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 21, 2006
PubMed
概括

DNA甲基转移酶-2 (Dnmt2) 不会甲基化DNA. 相反,这种保存的酶在酸转移RNA (tRNA(Asp) 上甲基化一个特定的位点,这是物种间至关重要的功能.

更多相关视频

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase
10:33

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
06:07

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

相关实验视频

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In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 (Ehmeth) Enzyme
12:36

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 (Ehmeth) Enzyme

Published on: October 19, 2010

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase
10:33

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 在RNA生物学,RNA生物学.

背景情况:

  • 基因甲基转移酶 (DNMTs) 是关键的表观遗传调节剂.
  • DNA甲基转移酶-2 (Dnmt2) 与DNMT具有结构上的相似之处.
  • Dnmt2的确切功能一直是难以捉摸的.

研究的目的:

  • 研究人类DNMT2.2.的酶活性和基质特异性.
  • 为了确定DNMT2是否作为DNA甲基转移酶或具有不同的作用.
  • 探索DNMT2.2的进化保护和功能机制.

主要方法:

  • 结合遗传和生化方法被使用.
  • 质谱法用于基质识别.
  • 在实验室中使用异质系统进行了复制试验.

主要成果:

  • 人类DNMT2被发现甲基化RNA,而不是DNA.
  • 特定基质被确定为阿斯巴提酸转移RNA (tRNA(Asp)).
  • 甲基化发生在tRNA (((Asp) 抗环中的细胞因子38处.
  • 在老鼠,Arabidopsis thaliana和Drosophila melanogaster中保留了DNMT2的功能.
  • 甲基化活性取决于先前存在的改性核酸.

结论:

  • DNMT2是一种RNA甲基转移酶,专门针对tRNA.
  • 这种RNA甲基化功能是进化保守的.
  • 这些发现表明RNA和DNA甲基转移酶之间存在潜在的进化联系.