低脂肪饮食模式和结直肠癌风险:妇女健康倡议随机控制的饮食修改试验

Shirley A A Beresford¹, Karen C Johnson, Cheryl Ritenbaugh

¹Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA. beresfrd@u.washington.edu

JAMA

|February 10, 2006

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低脂肪饮食并没有降低绝经后妇女的结直肠癌风险. 这项大型试验发现,在8.1年内,饮食干预和通常的饮食模式之间,癌症发病率没有显著差异.

科学领域:

在瘤学瘤学.
预防医学预防医学
营养科学营养科学

背景情况:

之前关于低脂肪饮食和结直肠癌风险的研究没有得出结论.
需要进行一次初级预防试验,以最终评估饮食模式的影响.
绝经后的女性是结直肠癌预防研究的关键人口.

研究的目的:

评估低脂肪饮食模式在降低结肠直肠癌风险方面的有效性.
评估饮食改变对绝经后妇女侵袭性结肠直肠癌发病率的影响.

主要方法:

妇女健康倡议饮食修改试验是一项大型随机对照试验.
48,835名绝经后妇女 (50-79岁) 被分配到饮食干预或比较组.
该干预涉及密集的行为支持,以减少饮食脂肪并增加蔬菜,水果和谷物摄入量.

主要成果:

干预组的参与者显著减少了脂肪摄入量,并增加了蔬菜,水果和谷物的消费.
尽管饮食改变,但干预措施并没有降低侵袭性结肠直肠癌的风险.
结直肠癌的风险比为1.08 (95% CI,0.90-1.29),两组之间没有统计学上显著的差异.

结论:

低脂肪饮食模式干预措施并没有降低绝经后妇女结直肠癌风险.
研究结果表明,这种饮食方法可能不足以预防这一群体的结直肠癌.
进一步的研究可能会探索与阿司匹林或激素使用等其他因素的相互作用.

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背景情况:

研究的目的:

主要方法:

主要成果:

结论: