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相关概念视频

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

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Published on: June 21, 2016

核心DNA结合动机的方向和间距决定了对三个核受体的选择性转录反应.

A M Näär1, J M Boutin, S M Lipkin

  • 1Eukaryotic Regulatory Biology Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0648.

Cell
|June 28, 1991
PubMed
概括

激素反应元素使用DNA核心结合动机在特定的方向和间距来控制基因转录. 这种安排决定了甲状腺激素 (T3),视网酸和雌激素受体的独特反应.

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Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

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相关实验视频

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Published on: June 21, 2016

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 核受体,包括甲状腺激素 (T3),视网酸和雌激素受体,调节基因表达.
  • 激素反应元素 (HREs) 含有保存的DNA半位点 (核心结合基因),可以调节受体结合.
  • 这些基因在HREs中的精确排列对于确定特定的转录结果至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究HREs中的DNA核心结合动机的相对方向和间距如何影响转录反应.
  • 阐明不同核受体实现选择性基因调节的机制.
  • 了解HRE结构在目标基因生理调节中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 含有T3,网红素酸和雌激素的保留核心结合基因的DNA序列的表征.
  • 分析这些图案的不同安排 (直接重复,平行体,反向平行体) 和间距 (例如,3bp,没有间距).
  • 测试用于测量工程HREs在相应激素的存在和缺席中的转录活性.

主要成果:

  • 核心动图的特定方向和间距赋予了对视网膜酸,雌激素和T3受体的选择性转录反应.
  • 直接重复的3bp间隔,平行体和倒置的平行体排列导致了不同的受体特定激活.
  • 矛盾的是,在直接重复的配置中缺少间距会激活没有T3的T3受体,并用T3抑制它,正如在小鼠β-thyrotropin促进体中观察到的.

结论:

  • 基因核结合基因的定向和间距作为一个代码来决定选择性转录反应.
  • 这个结构代码解释了不同的核受体如何实现对基因表达的精确控制.
  • 了解这个代码对于破译荷尔蒙控制基因的复杂调节至关重要.