相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

07:37
Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: August 1, 2017
慢性意识障碍 意识的慢性障碍
1Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA. bernat@dartmouth.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|April 18, 2006
概括
意识障碍,如植物状态 (VS) 和最小意识状态 (MCS),涉及意识受损. 功能成像区分这些状态,VS显示有限的网络激活,而MCS可能保留一些意识,影响治疗决策.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 神经学 神经学
- 医疗成像医学成像
背景情况:
- 意识障碍 (DOC),包括植物状态 (VS) 和最小意识状态 (MCS),代表了重大的临床挑战.
- 这些疾病源于扩散性大脑病变,影响头,皮质或白质路径.
- 区分VS (没有意识的清醒) 和MCS (间歇性意识) 对于预后和管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 使用功能神经成像来区分植物状态和最小意识状态.
- 阐明意识障碍中意识的神经相关性.
- 为DOC患者的预后和治疗策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用功能成像技术,如正子发射断层扫描 (PET) 和功能磁共振成像 (fMRI).
- 评估皮质激活模式,以应对刺激.
- 将成像发现与对意识的行为评估联系起来.
主要成果:
- 在VS中的患者表现出主皮质区域的激活,但缺少在二级区域或分布式网络中的激活,这表明意识.
- 初步研究表明,一些MCS患者表现出基本上完整的意识,尽管反应不佳.
- 对VS的预后很差,特别是经过长时间 (创伤>1年,非创伤>3个月) 后.
结论:
- 功能神经成像通过揭示神经网络激活的差异来帮助区分VS和MCS.
- 虽然刺激治疗在VS中基本上是无效的,但它们可能在MCS中提供一些好处.
- 伦理和法律原则,以及医疗指南,应指导VS和MCS患者的治疗决策.
相关概念视频
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction
Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Dementia l: Introduction
Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

