美国和英国的疾病和不利状况
James Banks1, Michael Marmot, Zoe Oldfield
1University College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, England.
JAMA
|May 4, 2006
概括
55-64岁的美国成年人健康状况不如英国成年人,患糖尿病和心脏病等慢性疾病的比例更高. 这些健康差异在所有社会经济地位 (SES) 层面上都存在.
科学领域:
- 比较的健康研究研究.
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 美国的医疗保健支出超过了英国的医疗保健支出,但相对的健康结果仍然不清楚.
- 了解美国和英国之间的健康状况差异对于公共卫生政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较英格兰和美国的老年人 (55-64岁) 的健康状况.
- 调查社会经济地位指标如何影响两国之间的健康差异.
主要方法:
- 来自美国健康和退休调查 (n=4386) 和英国老化纵向研究 (n=3681) 的代表性样本的分析.
- 包括来自国家健康和营养检查调查和英格兰健康调查的额外数据,包括生物疾病标志物.
- 专注于非西班牙裔白人人口,以控制种族/种族健康差异.
主要成果:
- 55-64岁的美国居民的健康状况比英国人更差,糖尿病,高血压,心脏病,中风,肺部疾病和癌症的患病率更高.
- 两国都观察到显著的社会经济地位 (SES) 梯度,健康差异在较低收入和教育水平上扩大.
- 生物标志物证实了自我报告的数据,显示了美国糖尿病患病率的两倍,以及与英国相比,高C反应蛋白和较低的HDL胆固醇水平.
结论:
- 55-64岁的美国居民的健康状况明显低于他们的英国同行,这可以通过自我报告的疾病和客观的生物标记来证明.
- 与社会经济地位相关的健康差异存在于两个国家的所有分布水平,但在美国更为明显.
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