最近关于百日咳的发展
Natasha S Crowcroft1, Richard G Pebody
1Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London NW9 5EQ, UK. Natasha.Crowcroft@HPA.org.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|June 13, 2006
概括
接种百日咳疫苗对儿童至关重要,但有突破性感染发生. 目前正在探索新的策略,包括助推剂和接种孕妇疫苗,以对抗这种持久的呼吸道疾病.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 百日咳仍然是一个重大的全球健康威胁,每年造成数十万儿童死亡,特别是在发展中国家.
- 虽然百日咳疫苗接种在婴儿和儿童中是有效的,但接种疫苗的人群中的突破性感染突出了当前的挑战.
- 咳控制是复杂的,问题从改善高死亡率地区的疫苗接种覆盖率到管理在疫苗接种良好地区青少年和成年人中不断增加的病例.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前的挑战和新兴的策略,在百日咳控制和预防.
- 突出百日咳传播动态的不确定性和需要改进数据的需要.
- 讨论新的疫苗接种方法,以增强人口对百日咳的免疫力.
主要方法:
- 审查关于百日咳流行病学,疫苗接种影响和控制计划的现有文献.
- 分析不同年龄组和地理环境中百日咳发病率的趋势.
- 检查当前和拟议的疫苗接种策略,包括强剂和新目标人群.
主要成果:
- 百日咳疫苗接种显著减少了儿童的死亡率和住院病例,但全球仍然存在挑战.
- 据报道,青少年,成年人和未接种疫苗的婴儿中百日咳病例增加,尽管这一程度仍在争论中.
- 由于数据有限,新的青少年和成人强化计划的有效性目前尚不清楚.
结论:
- 尽管一些地区的疫苗接种率很高,但百日咳仍然是一个难以控制的儿童疾病.
- 关键数据缺口,特别是关于成年人对婴儿的传播,阻碍了最佳的疫苗计划设计.
- 正在研究创新策略,如接种疫苗给孕妇,新生儿和家庭接触者,以改善 pertussis 控制.
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