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相关概念视频

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Evaluation of Zika Virus-specific T-cell Responses in Immunoprivileged Organs of Infected Ifnar1-/- Mice
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罗马尼亚的获得性免疫缺陷综合征

B S Hersh1, F Popovici, R C Apetrei

  • 1Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 14, 1991
PubMed
概括

罗马尼亚经历了获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (艾滋病) 的重大爆发,主要影响幼儿. 这次疫情凸显了通过医疗机构的不安全医疗实践传播人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的风险.

关键词:
获得性免疫缺陷综合征 - 传播年龄因素 年龄因素生物学 生物学 生物学血液凝固效应 血液凝固效应孩子孩子孩子孩子孩子孩子人口结构因素 人口结构因素发达国家 发达国家疾病 疾病东欧 东欧 东欧 东欧设备和供应 设备和供应欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲检查和诊断 检查和诊断血液学影响 血液学影响半球系统 半球系统艾滋病毒感染 艾滋病毒感染影响影响 影响 影响婴儿婴儿婴儿婴儿婴儿婴儿测量方法 测量方法身体生理学 身体生理学人口人口的人口人口.人口特征 人口特征研究方法研究方法研究方法学研究报告 研究报告风险因素 风险因素罗马尼亚 罗马尼亚 罗马尼亚 罗马尼亚查检查 查检查 查检查一个注射器注射器.病毒性疾病 病毒性疾病年轻人 年轻人 年轻人 年轻人 年轻人

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科学领域:

  • 流行病学 流行病学
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 传染性疾病 传染性疾病

背景情况:

  • 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (艾滋病) 于1989年底在罗马尼亚首次被描述.
  • 国家艾滋病病例监测是使用世界卫生组织 (WHO) 修改的临床病例定义开始的,该定义要求人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染的临床和血清学证据.

研究的目的:

  • 描述罗马尼亚艾滋病病例的流行病学,根据最初的描述.
  • 在儿童群体中确定艾滋病毒的传播途径.

主要方法:

  • 针对艾滋病病例的国家监测数据收集.
  • 修改了世卫组织对艾滋病诊断的临床病例定义.
  • 调查潜在的艾滋病毒传播途径,包括输血,凝血障碍和亲肠治疗.

主要成果:

  • 截至1990年12月31日,报告有1168例艾滋病病例,其中93.7%发生在13岁以下的儿童中.
  • 大多数儿科病例 (99.3%) 发生在4岁以下的儿童中,62.4%发生在机构中被遗弃的儿童中.
  • 确定的传播途径包括不经查的血液输血 (38.7%) 和通过治疗注射中不适当使用针头/注射器 (57.4%) 的疑似传播.

结论:

  • 罗马尼亚艾滋病爆发不成比例地影响了幼儿,特别是那些在机构照顾中的幼儿.
  • 不安全的医疗实践,包括密集和不适当地使用腹腔治疗和医疗机构的不良绝育技术,是艾滋病毒传播的主要驱动因素.
  • 这种情况强调了在医疗环境中严格采取感染控制措施和安全注射实践的迫切需要,以防止阳性艾滋病毒传播.