西非传播复发性发烧的发生率:纵向研究
Laurence Vial1, Georges Diatta, Adama Tall
1Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 4, 2006
概括
由Borrelia crocidurae引起的传播复发性发烧 (TBRF) 在西非非常普遍,这是由于Ornithodoros sonrai. 这项研究揭示了TBRF是塞内加尔,毛里塔尼亚和马里农村地区发烧的常见原因.
科学领域:
- 医学昆虫学 医学昆虫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲地区的干旱促使了Ornithodoros sonrai的传播.
- 这种物种传播Borrelia crocidurae,这是传播复发性发烧 (TBRF) 的致病原体.
- 了解TBRF发病率对于受影响地区的公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定西非TBRF的发病率.
- 调查载体的流行率和其感染Borrelia crocidurae的感染率.
主要方法:
- 在塞内加尔的迪尔莫 (1990-2003) 进行了每日临床监测和发烧病例的血液检测.
- 调查了塞内加尔,毛里塔尼亚和马里的30个村庄的载体存在 (2002-2005).
- 利用聚合酶连锁反应 (PCR) 来测量的Borrelia crocidurae感染率.
主要成果:
- 在14年的时间里,TBRF的平均发病率为每100人/年11人/年,每年有显著的变化.
- 在个体中观察到高复发率和重复感染率.
- 载体子Ornithodoros sonrai殖民了研究村庄的87%,平均Borrelia crocidurae感染率为31%.
结论:
- 社区层面的TBRF发病率是非洲任何细菌疾病中报告的最高.
- 受感染的载体的广泛存在表明,TBRF是西非农村地区发烧的重要原因.
- 这些发现凸显了在塞内加尔,毛里塔尼亚和马里迫切需要进行病媒控制和疾病管理战略.
相关概念视频
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
01:22Burn Injuries
Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
01:24Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...