向孤立和处于不利地位的社区提供专业外展服务:基于人口的研究
Russell L Gruen1, Ross S Bailie, Zhiqiang Wang
1Menzies School of Health Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia. russell.gruen@menzies.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|July 11, 2006
概括
澳大利亚偏远土著社区的专业外展诊所改善了获得护理和及时转诊的机会. 这些服务改善了患者的治疗结果,但没有增加对医院住院服务的需求.
科学领域:
- 农村卫生 农村卫生
- 土著健康土著健康
- 外科外展服务中心
背景情况:
- 访问专家诊所 (外展) 可以解决偏远和土著人口的访问障碍.
- 在城市,非弱势环境之外的外展诊所的有效性需要评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估专业外展诊所对澳大利亚偏远土著社区的接入,转诊模式和护理结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 在三个偏远的土著社区进行了长达11年的基于人口的观察性研究.
- 对外诊所与医院诊所进行了比较,仅用于外科手术,眼科,妇科和耳鼻喉病例.
- 使用逻辑回归和Cox比例危险模型分析了转诊完成率,及时性和程序率.
主要成果:
- 外展改善了转诊完成率 (AHR 1.41) 和及时转诊率 (ARR 1.30).
- 发生了156次机会性介绍;选择性转介没有显著增加.
- 外展咨询减少了需要住院治疗的手术率 (AHR 0.67).
结论:
- 专家推广显著改善了偏远土著社区获得咨询和程序的机会.
- 外展服务提高了护理的质量,但不增加选择性转诊或住院服务需求.
相关概念视频
Relationship Formation
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I
Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II
Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
Community Based Intervention
Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...
Self-Help Support Groups
Self-help support groups are voluntary, community-based organizations that provide a platform for individuals with shared concerns to exchange support, insights, and practical strategies for coping with life challenges. Typically led by group members or paraprofessionals, these groups form a cornerstone of mental health care, especially in reaching populations that are underserved by traditional healthcare systems.
Accessibility and Cost-Effectiveness
One of the primary strengths of self-help...
Accessibility and Cost-Effectiveness
One of the primary strengths of self-help...
Close Relationships and Culture
Culture shapes how people approach attraction, choose partners, and build long-term relationships. While some preferences in mate selection appear consistent across cultures, such as men valuing physical attractiveness and women emphasizing financial resources, cultural contexts influence how these preferences are expressed and prioritized. Marriage extends beyond romantic ideals in many societies and is deeply embedded in social, economic, and religious frameworks.The Role of Culture in Mate...


