美国单纯疹病毒1型和2型血清流行趋势
Fujie Xu1, Maya R Sternberg, Benny J Kottiri
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. fax1@cdc.gov
JAMA
|August 24, 2006
概括
简单疹病毒2型 (HSV-2) 血清流行率在美国从1988-1994年到1999-2004年大幅下降,扭转了以前的趋势. 虽然单纯疹病毒1型 (HSV-1) 的血清流行率也下降了,但它的生殖器疹发病率可能正在上升.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 简单疹病毒1型 (HSV-1) 和2型 (HSV-2) 是普遍存在的全球性感染.
- HSV-2主要是通过性传播引起生殖器疹,而HSV-1通常是在儿童时期通过非性传播获得的.
- HSV-1抗体可以提供对HSV-2的保护,而HSV-1越来越多地与生殖器疹病例有关.
研究的目的:
- 分析1999-2004年和1988-1994年间美国HSV-1和HSV-2血清流行趋势.
- 从1976年至1980年,审查HSV-1和HSV-2血清流行率的变化.
主要方法:
- 利用了美国国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的交叉截面,全国代表性数据.
- 在两个不同的时期之间,在14-49岁的成年人中比较了HSV-1和HSV-2抗体的全国血清流行估计.
- 采用特定类型的免疫剂测定用于血清学分析,并审查了生殖器疹诊断.
主要成果:
- 整体年龄调整后的HSV-2血清流行率下降了19.0%,从1988-1994年的21.0%降至1999-2004年的17.0% (P<.001).
- 在青少年和年轻成年人 (14-19岁) 中观察到HSV-2血清流行率显著下降,即使在调整性行为变化后也是如此.
- HSV-1血清流行率从62.0%降至57.7% (P=.006),而报告的由HSV-1引起的生殖器疹诊断增加 (1.8%与0.4%,P<.001).
结论:
- 这项研究表明,美国HSV-2血清流行率上升的趋势发生了逆转.
- 尽管总体HSV-1血清流行率下降,但有证据表明,因HSV-1而导致的生殖器疹的发病率可能会增加.
- 公共卫生监测和有针对性的干预措施对于管理简单疹病毒感染至关重要.
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