三重基G蛋白和ras蛋白的常见修改:涉及多烯化
A A Finegold1, W R Schafer, J Rine
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.
概括
研究人员发现,酵母G蛋白玛子单元需要多烯化来形成膜结合和功能. 这一发现导致了该过程的抑制剂的选,在癌症治疗中可能有用.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 异构三元核酸结合调节蛋白 (G蛋白) 从细胞表面受体中传递信号.
- 这些G蛋白与内部血相结合,但不是不可分割的膜蛋白.
- 拉斯蛋白加工对其功能至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究酵母G蛋白的玛子单元的处理和功能,参与交配-激素信号传导.
- 为了确定影响ras处理的突变是否也会影响酵母G蛋白玛子单元.
- 为了确定潜在的癌症治疗中抑制多二烯基的药理学药剂.
主要方法:
- 对影响ras处理和酵母G蛋白玛子单元的突变进行比较分析.
- 生物化学测试以评估玛子单元的多烯化.
- 开发一种微生物选器,以识别多烯化抑制剂.
主要成果:
- 阻断ras处理的突变也影响了酵母G蛋白玛子单元.
- 暗示玛子单元是多聚烯基的.
- 发现多二烯化对于膜协会和玛子单元的生物活性是必要的.
结论:
- 酵母G蛋白玛子单元经历多烯化,对其膜结合和功能至关重要.
- 这种修改与受 ras 突变影响的途径有关.
- 一种新型的微生物查可以识别多烯化抑制剂,为癌症治疗开发提供了潜在的潜力.
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相关概念视频
Mutations
Overview
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Transfer RNA Synthesis
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Protein Modifications in the RER
Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
