胰岛素分泌:SIRT4参与其中
1Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
Cell
|September 9, 2006
概括
西尔图因调节新陈代谢. 该研究表明,胰腺β细胞中的SIRT4使用ADP-ribosylation抑制谷氨酸脱酶,从而减少由氨基酸刺激的胰岛素分泌.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 代谢调节 代谢调节 代谢调节 代谢调节
背景情况:
- 锡尔图因 (静音信息调节器2) 是一种在真核生物中保存的蛋白质类.
- 最初被确定为参与转录调节的基因素脱乙酶.
- 在新陈代谢调节中的新兴作用突显了它们更广泛的生物学意义.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究哺乳动物sirtuin同源SIRT4在代谢调节中的作用.
- 阐明SIRT4影响胰腺β细胞功能的机制.
- 了解胰岛素分泌的调节,以应对氨基酸.
主要方法:
- 在胰腺β细胞中SIRT4的线粒体定位.
- 对SIRT4的酶活性进行分析,特别是ADP-ribosylation.
- 评估SIRT4对谷氨酸脱酶活性的影响.
- 在各种条件下测量β细胞的胰岛素分泌.
主要成果:
- SIRT4定位在胰腺β细胞的线粒体中.
- 通过ADP-ribosylation,SIRT4直接抑制谷氨酸脱酶的活性.
- 这种抑制导致胰岛素分泌的下调,以应对氨基酸刺激.
结论:
- SIRT4是一种线粒体的Sirtuin,在调节胰腺β细胞功能方面起着至关重要的作用.
- 通过谷氨酸脱酶的ADP-ribosylation,SIRT4调节氨基酸诱导的胰岛素分泌.
- 这些发现揭示了 Sirtuins,线粒体代谢和内分泌功能之间的新机制.
更多相关视频
07:16Monitoring Hippo Signaling Pathway Activity Using a Luciferase-based Large Tumor Suppressor LATS Biosensor
Published on: September 13, 2018
18.9K
06:54Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
Published on: October 27, 2020
13.1K
相关概念视频
Hormonal Regulation
37.6K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
37.6K
Cell Specific Gene Expression
13.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.3K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
7.5K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
7.5K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
2.8K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.8K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
6.0K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
6.0K
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
1.1K
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
1.1K
