疫苗诱导的乙型肝炎病毒逃生突变
W F Carman1, A R Zanetti, P Karayiannis
1Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 11, 1990
概括
乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染发生在接种疫苗的个体中,原因是HBV逃生突变. 这种突变病毒在HBsAg的一个决定因素中具有特定的突变,降低了疫苗诱导的免疫力.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染仍然是一个全球性的健康问题.
- 标准免疫接种方案包括对HBV的被动和活性疫苗接种.
- 尽管接种了疫苗,但突破性感染突出了HBV控制的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 在接种疫苗的人群中调查突破性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染.
- 为了确定导致疫苗失败的HBV菌株的特征.
- 分析病毒突变对疫苗诱导免疫力的影响.
主要方法:
- 对接触HBV携带者的人进行接触追踪和血清检测.
- 检测乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 和其他病毒复制标记物.
- 病毒测序以确定HBsAg的一个决定因素中的突变.
- 对结合HBsAg的单克隆抗体进行分析,以评估免疫逃逸.
主要成果:
- 44名接触者,包括婴儿,尽管接受了标准免疫接种,但仍呈HBsAg阳性.
- 32例感染被证实具有病毒复制标志物.
- 一个严重的病例发生在一个婴儿感染HBV逃生突变病毒.
- 突变病毒在HBsAg的一个决定因素中具有点突变 (G587A),导致糖氨酸与氨酸的替代.
- 这种突变是稳定的,并在5年后出现.
- 这种突变导致了a决定因子的部分丧失和抗体结合的减少.
结论:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 逃脱突变可能导致接种疫苗的人的突破性感染.
- 在HBsAg的一个决定因素的突变可以损害疫苗诱导的免疫力.
- 针对HBV变种的持续监测对于有效的疫苗接种策略至关重要.
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