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相关概念视频

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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局部药物救援策略和皮肤保护基于Mc1r在紫外线诱导的晒中的作用.

John A D'Orazio1, Tetsuji Nobuhisa, Rutao Cui

  • 1Melanoma Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Children's Hospital, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

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概括

紫外线光会触发黑色素细胞刺激激素 (MSH) 的产生,但功能性黑色素皮蛋白1受体 (MC1R) 对于晒黑至关重要. 颜色的化学刺激提供紫外线保护,突出显示MSH-MC1R信号传输.

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科学领域:

  • 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 紫外线 (UV) 光诱导的色在皮肤浅的人群中受损,这些人具有功能障碍的黑色皮质蛋白1受体 (MC1R).
  • 梅拉诺细胞刺激激素 (MSH) 在紫外线反应中的作用已被建议,但缺乏可控的遗传系统进行研究.

研究的目的:

  • 通过使用基因控制小鼠模型,阐明MSH-MC1R信号在UV诱导的化中的精确作用.
  • 研究激发色素的替代方法,并评估它们对抗紫外线损伤的保护作用.

主要方法:

  • 使用了缺乏功能性MC1R的红发/金发Mc1r的小鼠.
  • 暴露在紫外线下的小鼠,并评估了皮细胞中的MSH表达.
  • 局部施用福斯科林 (一个循环AMP激动剂) 诱导色素没有紫外线暴露.
  • 评估紫外线诱导的DNA损伤和瘤发生在Xeroderma pigmentosum补充组C-缺乏的背景.

主要成果:

  • 紫外线诱导了角质细胞中的MSH表达,但未能刺激Mc1r(e/e) 小鼠的色素.
  • 局部 forskolin 挽救了 Mc1r 的颜色在小鼠中,表明功能性颜色机器.
  • 化学诱导的色素提供了对UV诱导的DNA损伤和皮肤癌的保护.

结论:

  • 细胞间MSH信号传递对于UV色反应至关重要.
  • 用小分子准MC1R或下游通路提供了一个潜在的策略来操纵色素和增强紫外线保护.