在实验室中,自我愈合的脉冲状剪切断裂发生在实验室中
George Lykotrafitis1, Ares J Rosakis, Guruswami Ravichandran
1Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 23, 2006
概括
研究人员可视化了地震断层破裂模式,观察了裂纹状和自我修复的滑动脉冲. 他们确定了影响这些动态剪切断裂行为的条件,进步了我们对地震事件的理解.
科学领域:
- 地质物理学 地质物理学
- 固体力学 固体力学是什么
- 实验物理实验物理学
背景情况:
- 地震断层模型预测了两个主要的动态剪切断裂模式:滑动裂和自我修复的滑动脉冲.
- 了解支配这些破裂模式的条件对于地震危险评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过实验可视化和描述裂纹状,脉冲状和混合动态剪切破裂模式.
- 确定在"不连贯"接口上发展不同的破裂模式的特定条件.
主要方法:
- 采用动态光弹性和激光干扰测量来进行同时测量.
- 在相同的固体之间的摩擦性"不连贯"接口上可视化破裂的传播.
主要成果:
- 在实验中观察并区分了裂纹状,脉冲状和混合破裂模式.
- 确定破裂模式类型,启动点,滑动速度历史和传播速度.
结论:
- 实验证据支持存在不同的类似裂和类似脉冲的动态剪切破裂模式.
- 该研究提供了一个框架,以理解基于接口属性和条件的不同破裂模式之间的过渡.
相关概念视频
02:04Fixing Double-strand Breaks
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
01:16In vitro Mutagenesis
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
02:04Fixing Double-strand Breaks
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...