鱼类摄入量,污染物和人类健康:评估风险和益处
Dariush Mozaffarian1, Eric B Rimm
1Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA. dmozaffa@hsph.harvard.edu
JAMA
|October 19, 2006
概括
吃鱼有显著的健康益处,可以减少心脏病和死亡风险. 孕妇应该适度食用鱼,平衡好处与可能的污染物,如.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 由于潜在的健康益处和污染物风险,鱼类消费存在困境.
- 相互矛盾的信息导致人们对鱼类在健康饮食中的作用感到困惑.
研究的目的:
- 评估鱼类和污染物消费对心血管和神经发育的影响.
- 评估与鱼类中的甲基,二氧化物和PCB相关的风险.
主要方法:
- 进行全面的文献搜索,包括MEDLINE,政府报告和元分析.
- 专注于人类研究,优先考虑随机试验和大型前性研究.
- 进行元分析以准确描述好处和风险.
主要成果:
- 适度的鱼类摄入量 (1-2份/周) 降低了冠状动脉死亡 (36%) 和总死亡率 (17%).
- 适量摄入的乙酸 (EPA) 和多可萨赫萨酸 (DHA) 是每天250毫克.
- 甲基可能会影响神经发育,并稍微减少心血管方面的益处;二氧化/PCB的风险最小.
结论:
- 对于成年人来说,食用鱼的健康益处超过了潜在的风险.
- 对于生育年龄的女性来说,适度的鱼类摄入量提供了超过风险的好处,对特定物种要谨慎.
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