对科学理论的接触会影响女性的数学表现
Ilan Dar-Nimrod1, Steven J Heine
1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
概括
当群体身份突出时,刻板印象的威胁会影响表现. 以不同的方式解释刻板印象的起源,特别是将性别差异归因于遗传学,与经验解释相比,女性的数学考试成绩恶化.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 刻板印象威胁描述了刻板印象群体的表现缺陷,当他们的身份被强调时.
- 关于刻板印象的感知起源对刻板印象威胁的影响仍然未被充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 检查对刻板印象起源的归因如何影响刻板印象的威胁.
- 调查将性别差异定为遗传或经验差异是否会影响女性在数学测试中的表现.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项涉及女性参与者的研究.
- 参与者阅读了将性别差异归因于遗传或经验原因的报道.
- 对标准化数学测试的表现进行了测量.
主要成果:
- 读到性别差异具有遗传起源的女性在数学测试中表现明显差.
- 与阅读性别差异源于经验因素的女性相比,这种绩效缺陷更为明显.
结论:
- 刻板印象的感知来源可以调节刻板印象威胁的影响.
- 将群体差异归因于天生的遗传因素可能会加剧刻板印象的威胁,特别是在女性数学等学术领域.
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