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相关概念视频

Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 12, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

奥托费林在人类聋的形式中有缺陷,对于听力带突触的外细胞形成至关重要.

Isabelle Roux1, Saaid Safieddine, Régis Nouvian

  • 1Inserm UMRS587, Unité de Génétique des Déficits Sensoriels, Collège de France, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.

Cell
|October 24, 2006
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

奥托费林对听力至关重要,它充当传感器,触发神经递质在听觉毛细胞突触中的释放. 奥托费林缺乏症会导致严重的聋,因为它会消除这种必不可少的外细胞形成过程.

更多相关视频

Dissecting Cell-Autonomous Function of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in an Auditory Circuit by In Ovo Electroporation
11:10

Dissecting Cell-Autonomous Function of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in an Auditory Circuit by In Ovo Electroporation

Published on: July 6, 2022

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cochlear Hair Cells from Neonatal Mice
06:07

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cochlear Hair Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: September 15, 2023

相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Dissecting Cell-Autonomous Function of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in an Auditory Circuit by In Ovo Electroporation
11:10

Dissecting Cell-Autonomous Function of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in an Auditory Circuit by In Ovo Electroporation

Published on: July 6, 2022

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cochlear Hair Cells from Neonatal Mice
06:07

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cochlear Hair Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: September 15, 2023

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 听觉内毛细胞 (IHC) 带突触需要精确的神经递质释放才能听到声音.
  • IHC突触系外细胞分裂的分子机制尚未完全理解.
  • 奥托费林是一种跨膜蛋白质,与人类衰退形式的聋有关.

研究的目的:

  • 调查奥托费林在IHC突触外细胞形成中的作用.
  • 确定奥托费林在听觉神经传递和听力中的功能.

主要方法:

  • 研究了头发细胞中的奥托费林表达和局部化.
  • 研究了奥托弗林的 (Ca2+) 结合和与SNARE蛋白的相互作用.
  • 使用缺少奥托费林 (Otof(-/-)) 的小鼠来评估外细胞形成.
  • 在Otof(-/-) IHC中分析了带状突触结构和Ca2+电流.

主要成果:

  • 奥托费林表达与 afferent synaptogenesis 相对应,并定位到带状突触.
  • 奥托费林与Ca2+结合,并以Ca2+依赖的方式与syntaxin1和SNAP25相互作用.
  • 耳的小鼠表现出严重的聋,IHC外细胞分裂已被取消,尽管突触发育正常,Ca2+涌入.

结论:

  • 奥托费林对于IHC带状突触中的突触囊脱细胞的晚期阶段至关重要.
  • 奥托费林可能作为主要的Ca2+传感器作用,为听觉神经传递介导膜融合.