全球稀有和危脊椎动物的分布和保护
Richard Grenyer1, C David L Orme, Sarah F Jackson
1Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. r.grenyer@kew.org
Nature
|November 3, 2006
概括
全球保护工作往往假定物种分布是一致的,但这项研究发现鸟类,哺乳动物和两动物中罕见和危物种的一致性很低. 有效的生物多样性保护需要多种类型的数据,而不是单一组的替代品.
科学领域:
- 生物多样性保护 生物多样性保护
- 生物地理学是生物地理学.
- 保护科学 保护科学
背景情况:
- 全球保护战略往往依赖于不同分类群体的一致多样性模式的假设.
- 在保护计划中,将一组脆弱物种用作其他物种的替代品是常见的,但缺乏强有力的验证.
- 之前对跨分类体一致性的测试范围有限,这些假设的有效性尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在全球范围内测试鸟类,哺乳动物和两动物中稀有和危物种的分布模式的一致性.
- 评估跨分类体一致性的尺度依赖性,特别是在与保护区设计相关的空间分辨率上.
- 评估单个分类学群代孕在确定生物多样性保护优先事项方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用了一个全球数据库,涵盖了19,349种鸟类,哺乳动物和两动物的分布.
- 分析了整体物种丰富的模式,以及稀有和危物种在选定的分类群中的分布.
- 研究了这些分布模式在各种空间尺度上的一致性,包括与保护规划相关的精细分辨率.
主要成果:
- 虽然整体物种丰富性在鸟类,哺乳动物和两动物中显示出高度一致性,但稀有和危物种的分布表现出明显较低的一致性.
- 对于最罕见的物种,一致性特别低,并且高度依赖空间尺度,在更细的分辨率下显著下降.
- 鉴定了稀有性和威胁的"热点",因为它们在很大程度上不重叠跨分类群体,挑战了单个分类群代孕的有效性.
结论:
- 基于单个分类群的"银弹"保护方法不足以有效地保护生物多样性.
- 必须使用来自多种种类的高分辨率数据确定保护优先区域,以确保全面的保护.
- 未来的保护战略需要整合跨分类学数据,以克服替代方法的局限性,并实现有效的结果.
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