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相关概念视频

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

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相关实验视频

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Assaying &beta;-amyloid Toxicity using a Transgenic C. elegans Model
13:59

Assaying β-amyloid Toxicity using a Transgenic C. elegans Model

Published on: October 9, 2010

全基因组重复的全球趋势是由状动物Paramecium tetraurelia揭示的.

Jean-Marc Aury1, Olivier Jaillon, Laurent Duret

  • 1Genoscope and CNRS UMR 8030, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, France.

Nature
|November 7, 2006
PubMed
概括

在状植物Paramecium tetraurelia中,全基因组复制导致了基因扩张,而不是立即丧失. 基因保留受剂量限制和表达水平的影响,在长时间内塑造进化.

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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Published on: October 9, 2010

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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子进化分子进化

背景情况:

  • 全基因组复制 (WGD) 是进化新性的重要驱动力.
  • 在WGD之后,基因损失的机制,特别是在单细胞真核生物中,仍然不清楚.
  • 了解WGD后的基因保留对于破译进化轨迹至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究WGD在Paramecium tetraurelia基因组进化的作用.
  • 阐明WGD事件后基因损失的模式和时间尺度.
  • 确定影响WGD后基因保留的因素.

主要方法:

  • 在Paramecium tetraurelia中对基因家族的遗传学分析.
  • 比较基因组学来追踪跨进化时间尺度的基因丢失模式.
  • 对基因表达水平和功能关系 (代谢途径,蛋白质复合体) 的分析.

主要成果:

  • 帕拉梅四的基因组起源于至少三次连续的WGD事件.
  • 基因丢失是一个逐渐的过程,在长时间的进化过程中发生,而不是急性事件.
  • 同一个功能组 (代谢途径,蛋白质复合体) 中的基因表现出类似的损失模式.
  • 高度表达的基因在WGD后优先保留.
  • 基因剂量限制,而不是立即的功能创新,似乎驱动基因保留.

结论:

  • 在Paramecium的基因组扩张和多样化中,WGD发挥了关键作用.
  • 在WGD后的基因保留主要取决于剂量敏感性和表达水平.
  • 这项研究提供了对基因组重复的长期进化后果的见解.