计划生育:未完成的议程
John Cleland1, Stan Bernstein, Alex Ezeh
1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 3DP. John.Cleland@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|November 23, 2006
概括
在高出生率国家投资计划生育可以显著减少母婴死亡,贫困和饥饿. 恢复全球支持对于这些重要计划至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 发展研究 发展研究 研究
背景情况:
- 促进计划生育可以减少贫困,饥饿,母亲/婴儿死亡,并促进妇女的赋权.
- 避孕药的使用量在全球范围内有所增加,但在许多非洲和低收入国家仍然很低,导致高生育率和未满足的需求.
- 千年发展目标的实现与计划生育计划有很大关系.
研究的目的:
- 强调计划生育在发展中国家的实质性好处.
- 强调迫切需要振兴国际投资和促进计划生育计划.
- 确定有效的计划生育计划的关键因素以及目前实施障碍的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 这项研究综合了40年来计划生育计划实施和结果的证据.
- 分析全球避孕方法普及率,生育率和未满足的计划生育需求的趋势.
- 评估计划生育对贫困,饥饿,母婴死亡率和发展目标的影响.
主要成果:
- 计划生育计划使避孕措施的使用率从<10%增加到60%,并降低了发展中国家的生育率.
- 在75个最大的低收入和中低收入国家中,有一半的国家使用避孕措施很少,生育率很高,以及大量未满足的需求.
- 国际资金和促进计划生育在过去的十年里有所下降,尽管证明了好处.
结论:
- 增加对计划生育的投资是有必要的,因为计划生育对发展目标有跨越性的贡献.
- 有效的计划策略已经很成熟,但需要更强大的国际鼓励和实施资金.
- 一个关键的障碍是缺乏将计划生育纳入更广泛的发展议程的政治意愿.
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