人类细胞中蛋白质水平的变化和记忆
Alex Sigal1, Ron Milo, Ariel Cohen
1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel.
Nature
|November 24, 2006
概括
人类细胞表现出显著的蛋白质水平变化,高低水平之间的混合需要超过40小时. 这种蛋白质记忆可以解释单个细胞的行为和全人口的信号响应时间.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物物理学的生物物理.
背景情况:
- 蛋白质表达的变异性驱动细胞群体的表型差异.
- 虽然在微生物中具有特征,但在人类细胞中蛋白质水平的变化仍然不太了解.
- 人类细胞中蛋白质水平波动的时间动态和时间尺度在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 研究活人细胞内源性蛋白质水平的可变性和时间动态.
- 为了确定蛋白质含量高的细胞是否最终呈现较低的水平,以及这种混合的时间表.
- 探索相同或不同的生物途径内的蛋白质水平之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 利用黄色光蛋白 (YFP) 标记染色体位置来监测人类活细胞中的20种内源蛋白质.
- 测量蛋白质水平随时间的波动,包括蛋白质对的双色标记.
- 分析了蛋白质水平相对于平均值的标准偏差和跨细胞代的计算混合时间.
主要成果:
- 观察到蛋白质水平的显著变化,标准偏差为不同蛋白质的平均值的15%至30%.
- 在所有研究的蛋白质中,高蛋白和低蛋白水平之间的混合已被证明,许多蛋白质需要超过40小时 (两个细胞代) 才能发生.
- 与不同途径中的蛋白质相比,在同一生物学途径中的蛋白质水平之间发现了更高的相关性.
结论:
- 持续的蛋白质水平记忆存在于人体细胞中,可能有助于个体细胞的行为.
- 长时间的混合时间表明,细胞信号对细胞群体产生均影响的时间范围很大.
- 了解蛋白质水平动态对于解释细胞个性和人口水平反应至关重要.
相关概念视频
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
8.2K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.2K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
2.1K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.1K
Regulated Protein Degradation
6.6K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
6.6K
Cell Specific Gene Expression
13.4K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.4K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
6.9K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K


