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相关概念视频

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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协调聚合物的自我组装:在溶液中的寡合物之间有动态交换的证据,以及 homochiral decagold ((I) 寡合物的分离.

Craig A Wheaton1, Dana J Eisler, Michael C Jennings

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
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概括

研究人员使用BINAP和双联体探索了黄金协调复合体. 他们合成了一种新的寡合金复合物,[Au10(mu-S-BINAP) 5 ((mu-bipyen) 4 ((kappa1-bipyen) 2) ((CF3CO2) 10),它是理解宏环聚合的关键环节.

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科学领域:

  • 协调化学 协调化学
  • 有机金属化学 有机金属化学
  • 聚合研究 聚合研究

背景情况:

  • 黄金复合物与素配体在催化和材料科学中具有价值.
  • 宏环协调化合物具有独特的结构和电子特性.
  • 了解聚合机制是设计先进材料的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究黄金的反应性 (I) 前体复合物与奇拉双氨酸连接体.
  • 探索聚合物和寡合物协调化合物的形成.
  • 描述新型的金-BINAP-bipyen复合体及其结构影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用 [Au2(mu-BINAP) ((O2CCF3) 2 ] 前体合成金 (I) 复合物.
  • 与线性 bis (pyridine) 连接体 1,2-trans-bis (pyridyl) 乙烯 (bipyen) 的反应.
  • 由此产生的聚合物和寡合物复合物的表征.

主要成果:

  • 聚合物复合物的形成 [{Au2(mu-R-BINAP) 0.5(mu-S-BINAP) 0.5(mu-bipyen)}n](CF3CO2) 2n (2a) 来自种族BINAP.
  • 从S-BINAP中合成一个聚合物复合物[{Au2(mu-S-BINAP) (((mu-bipyen) }n]{CF3CO2) 2n (2b).
  • 用S-BINAP. 分离了一个独特的寡合体复合体[Au10(mu-S-BINAP) 5(mu-bipyen) 4(kappa1-bipyen) 2] ((CF3CO2) 10 (3) .

结论:

  • 这项研究证明了BINAP性对黄金复合体形成的结果的影响.
  • 聚合物3在宏环黄金化合物的环开聚合过程中是一个重要的结构中间体.
  • 这种寡合体为协调聚合物形成的机制性途径提供了关键的见解.