解码古希腊天文计算器,被称为安提基瑟拉机制
T Freeth1, Y Bitsakis, X Moussas
1Cardiff University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
Nature
|December 1, 2006
概括
古希腊的天文计算器安提基瑟拉机制,使用巴比伦周期准确地预测了日食. 新的成像显示了其复杂的轮,包括Hipparchos模型.
科学领域:
- 古希腊的技术古希腊的技术.
- 考古学发现 考古学发现
- 历史天文学 历史天文学
- 机械工程 机械工程 机械工程
背景情况:
- 阿提基瑟拉机械 (Antikythera Mechanism) 是公元前2世纪希腊独特的轮装置,以计算和显示诸如月相和月球-太阳日历等天体周期而闻名.
- 它的复杂性超过了千年来已知的任何设备,但由于碎片证据,它的精确功能仍在争论中.
- 日历对古代社会至关重要,影响了农业,宗教节日,以及将天文事件解释为预兆.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建轮的功能和破译更多的铭文在安提基瑟拉机制碎片.
- 调查该机制对天体事件的预测能力.
- 了解古希腊机械工程和天文学理论的复杂性.
主要方法:
- 幸存的碎片的表面成像.
- 高分辨率的X射线断层扫描用于内部结构分析.
- 基于成像数据的轮功能的重建.
- 破译碎片式铭文的解读.
主要成果:
- 重建轮功能,并将破译的铭文数量增加一倍.
- 证实该机制使用巴比伦算术进度周期预测月食和日食.
- 支持机械显示行星位置的证据,尽管这些部分现在已经丢失.
- 确定希帕克索斯关于月球运动不规则的理论的机械实现.
结论:
- 安提基瑟拉机械在公元前2世纪显示出出意想不到的高水平的技术复杂性.
- 它准确地预测了天体现象,整合了先进的天文学理论.
- 这些发现为古希腊技术和科学理解的能力提供了新的见解.
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