改善墨西哥儿童存活率:对角方式
Jaime Sepúlveda1, Flavia Bustreo, Roberto Tapia
1Coordinación General de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud, Calle Periférico Sur 4118, 1er. Piso Edif. Zafiro 1, Col. Jardines del Pedregal, Mexico, DF CP 1900, Mexico. jsepulveda@insp.mx
Lancet (London, England)
|December 5, 2006
概括
墨西哥通过公共卫生干预措施实现了显著的儿童死亡率降低. 关键因素包括改善营养,消除疾病和具有成本效益的计划,有助于降低儿童,婴儿和新生儿死亡率.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 墨西哥是实现2015年儿童死亡率减少目标的七个国家之一.
- 在过去的25年里,儿童死亡率大幅下降.
研究的目的:
- 分析导致墨西哥儿童,婴儿和新生儿死亡率下降的因素.
- 探索公共卫生干预措施与死亡率下降之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 对人口普查数据,死亡登记,名义儿童登记和国家营养调查的分析.
- 探索时间关联和干预的生物学可信性.
- 评估具有成本效益的干预措施,妇女教育,社会保护,水和卫生设施投资.
主要成果:
- 婴儿死亡率从每1000个活产的64个下降到23个.
- 在腹死亡率显著降低,并消除了脊髓灰质炎,腹和麻疹.
- 改善营养状况 (消耗,发育迟缓,体重不足) 和公共卫生干预措施的高覆盖率.
结论:
- 公共卫生干预措施,特别是"斜线方法",是减少儿童死亡率的关键.
- 对妇女教育,社会保护,水和卫生设施的投资显示出显著的关联.
- 领导力,政策连续性和制度加强对于这些成就至关重要.
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