蜜蜂蝙蝠在它的胸里藏着巨大的舌头
1Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33143, USA. muchhala@bio.miami.edu
Nature
|December 8, 2006
概括
一种新发现的花蜜蝙蝠拥有异常长的舌头,使其成为特定植物的唯一授粉者. 这一发现突显了蝙蝠授粉花朵的罕见专业化,挑战了以前在授粉生物学中的假设.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 植物学 植物学
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠,特别是以花蜜为食的Glossophaginae (Phyllostomidae家族),是新热带生态系统中至关重要的授粉者.
- 植物授粉综合征通常显示授粉者如蜂鸟和昆虫的专业化,但不是特定的蝙蝠子组.
- 蝙蝠口部形态通常被认为比鸟类账单或昆虫鼻变化较小,限制了花的专业化.
研究的目的:
- 调查蝙蝠花授粉关系的潜在专业化.
- 为了确定任何蝙蝠子群是否与特定的花特征共同进化.
- 为了记录一个独特的授粉者-植物专业化在花蜜蝙蝠的案例.
主要方法:
- 对最近发现的一种蜂蜜蝙蝠物种的描述性研究.
- 对新描述的蝙蝠与相关物种舌头长度的比较分析.
- 观察蝙蝠与具有异常长的冠状管的特定植物物种之间的授粉相互作用.
主要成果:
- 一种新的蜜蜂蝙蝠物种表现出了非凡的舌头伸展性,大约是其同类的两倍.
- 这种专门的蝙蝠被确定为一种植物物种的独家授粉者.
- 该植物具有异常长的冠状管,与蝙蝠的舌头长度精确匹配.
结论:
- 这项研究呈现了一种罕见的蝙蝠亚组和植物物种之间极端专业化的例子.
- 这些发现挑战了蝙蝠授粉的鲜花不专门针对特定蝙蝠形态的观念.
- 这种独特的共同进化关系强调了热带生态系统中传粉策略的多样性.
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