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相关概念视频

Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes02:24

Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes

The double bond in a simple, unconjugated alkene is a region of high electron density that can act as a weak base or a nucleophile. The filled π orbital (HOMO) of the double bond can interact with the empty LUMO of an electrophile. A bonding interaction occurs when the electrophile attacks between the two carbons; the electrophile then accepts a pair of electrons from the π bond and undergoes addition across the double bond, yielding a single product.
Addition and elimination reactions can be...
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene01:17

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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和的p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene复合物:calixarene甲基C-H键的反应性和金属在calixarene边缘的环周围的轻松迁移.

Daniela Buccella1, Gerard Parkin

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 15, 2006
PubMed
概括

p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene与和前体发生反应,形成新的有机金属化合物. 这些复合物独特地利用卡利沙C-H键用于金属结合,形成杂质和基化物衍生物.

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

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科学领域:

  • 有机金属化学 有机金属化学
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • 协调化学 协调化学

背景情况:

  • 卡利克萨伦是具有可调节性质的多功能宏循环宿主.
  • C-H 键激活是有机金属化学中的一个关键转化.
  • 了解金属-连接体相互作用对于催化剂设计至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了探索p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene与和复合物的反应性.
  • 研究有机金属复合体中卡利沙C-H键的新型结合方式.
  • 描述由此产生的金属-烯衍生物的结构和动态.

主要方法:

  • 用p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene合成和的复合物.
  • 用于固态结构确定的X射线衍射研究.
  • 解决方案1HNMR和动态NMR光谱用于研究平衡和流动性行为.

主要成果:

  • 形成{[CalixBut{OH) 2{O) 2}M{PMe3) 3H2} (M=Mo,W) 复合物的过程.
  • X射线研究揭示了酸 (Mo) 和酸 (W) 衍生物.
  • 核磁共振研究显示了溶液中的动态行为和分体平衡.
  • 标签证实了在甲基位置的C-H键激活.
  • 与二乙烯的反应产生了一种基利丁复合物.

结论:

  • 通过Mo和W证明了前所未有的calixarene甲基基的C-H键功能化.
  • 揭示了具有独特结合方式的毒性和基化物种的形成.
  • 突出了这些有机金属复合物在溶液中的动态性和流动性.