认知训练对老年人日常功能结果的长期影响
Sherry L Willis1, Sharon L Tennstedt, Michael Marsiske
1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801. slw@psu.edu
JAMA
|December 21, 2006
概括
认知训练,特别是推理技能,帮助老年人在五年内保持日常功能. 虽然有针对性的训练提高了认知能力,但只有推理对日常活动产生了重大影响.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 认知训练对提高老年人的认知能力有很大的前景.
- 以前的研究并没有明确证明认知训练对日常功能的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估认知训练对老年人日常功能的长期影响.
- 为了评估认知训练对特定认知能力的影响在五年时间内的持久性.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验的五年随访,涉及2832名老年人 (平均年龄73.6岁).
- 参与者被分配到记忆,推理或处理速度训练小组,其中一些接受了增强训练.
- 测量结果包括自我报告和日常功能和认知能力的基于绩效的评估.
主要成果:
- 推理训练导致自我报告的日常生活工具活动 (IADL) 难度明显减少.
- 记忆和处理速度训练没有显著影响IADL.
- 所有的培训干预措施都保持了它们的特定认知效应五年;增强剂会提高推理和处理性能的速度.
结论:
- 专注于推理的认知训练可以减轻老年人日常生活活动中的功能衰退.
- 认知训练干预措施在目标认知能力方面取得了持续的改善,证明了长期的好处.
相关概念视频
02:20Longitudinal Research
13.7K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.7K
01:27Language and Cognition
998
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
998
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
1.3K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.3K
01:30Information Processing Approach
819
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
819