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社区基因组分析揭示了酸性古生物的血统
Brett J Baker1, Gene W Tyson, Richard I Webb
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 23, 2006
概括
通常在标准调查中错过的新型考古遗传系被使用培养独立的基因组数据识别出来. 这些生物在极端酸性环境中主导生物膜,揭示了新的微生物多样性.
科学领域:
- 微生物学和基因组学 微生物学和基因组学
- 极端恋爱研究 极端恋爱研究
- 考古物 遗传学 遗传学
背景情况:
- 使用聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 进行的标准微生物调查往往错过了稀少物种.
- 新的微生物系,特别是古生物,可以通过传统方法逃避检测.
- 像酸性矿井排水等极端环境中,存在独特且未被充分研究的微生物群落.
研究的目的:
- 识别和表征新型,稀少的微生物物种.
- 使用培养独立的方法,探索极端酸性生物膜中的考古多样性.
- 研究以前未知的生物体的生态作用和形态.
主要方法:
- 在没有聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 或培养的情况下获取社区基因组数据.
- 重建编码16S核糖体RNA (rRNA) 和蛋白质编码基因的DNA片段.
- 应用16S rRNA特定探针和传输电子显微镜 (TEM).
主要成果:
- 从新的考古遗迹谱系中重建DNA,使用不寻常的16S rRNA和蛋白质编码基因.
- 这些新型古生物是里士满矿区pH值为0.5-1.5的生物膜中的次要成分.
- 细胞是多态的,具有独特的膜结构,并且具有极小的细胞体积 (<0.006μm3).
- 16S rRNA 探针表明这些生物在<0.45 微米大小小部分中占主导地位.
结论:
- 社区基因组学有效地发现了新型,低丰度的微生物种群.
- 新的考古遗迹系居住在极端酸性生物膜中,并可能占据主导地位.
- 独特的形态学表明专门适应寡质和酸性条件的特殊适应.
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