脑带动物的轴向图案和组织者的演变
Jr-Kai Yu1, Yutaka Satou, Nicholas D Holland
1Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037-0202, USA.
Nature
|January 24, 2007
概括
研究了胃组织者的进化起源. 安菲奥克苏斯胚胎显示了背部/腹部和前后轴的基因表达模式,这表明了祖先的带状动物特征.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 带状胚胎的胚胎发生.
背景情况:
- 胃肠组织者对于脊椎动物的轴向模式至关重要.
- 组织者的进化历史和起源在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解早期的状细胞发育,可以了解脊椎动物的进化.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究胃组织者的进化起源.
- 检查与amphioxus轴模式相关的基因表达模式.
- 为了比较 D/V 和 A/P 两动物和脊椎动物之间的模式机制.
主要方法:
- 分析dorsal/ventral (D/V) 和anterior/posterior (A/P) 的基因表达模式,这些基因表达模式在amphioxus gastrulae.
- 实验性操纵使用外源性骨形态遗传蛋白 (BMP) 在两动物胚胎.
- 将基因表达数据与已知的脊椎动物骨干学家进行比较.
主要成果:
- 安菲奥克斯 (Amphioxus gastrulae) 表现出类似于脊椎动物的D/V模式基因表达 (BMP,节点基因表达).
- 外源性BMP治疗使两胚胎发泄,反映了脊椎动物的反应.
- Wnt-对手和Wnt基因分别表现出保留的前置和后置表达,这表明了A/P模式的作用.
结论:
- 早期胃肠中D / V和A / P模式的机制在动物中被进化保存.
- 脑带动物 (amphioxus) 拥有保存的基因表达和反应模式.
- 对于D/V和A/P轴图案的单独信号中心可能代表一个祖先的带状动物特征.
相关概念视频
01:54Convergent Evolution
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
02:31Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
01:24Evolution of New Traits in Microbes
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...