美国的健康. 美国国家卫生计划
1School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1772.
JAMA
|January 22, 1992
概括
1991年的"美国健康法案"提出了对所有居民的普遍,税收资助的医疗保险,旨在降低成本并消除无偿护理. 这一法案将确保持续的医疗保险,独立于就业状态.
科学领域:
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 医疗保健经济学 医疗保健经济学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 超过3000万美国人缺乏医疗保险,造成了严重的进入障碍.
- 医疗保健和医疗保险成本的上升给个人和国家带来了巨大的财务负担.
- 现有的系统将医疗保险与就业联系在一起,导致护理差距和行政复杂性.
研究的目的:
- 分析1991年"美国健康法案",这是一项立法提案,旨在解决医疗保健融资方面的挑战.
- 概述一个普遍的,由税收资助的医疗保健系统,旨在覆盖整个居民人口.
- 评估拟议系统对医疗保健成本和获得服务的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 该提案概述了为综合医疗,预防和长期护理提供普遍的,由税收资助的融资系统.
- 联邦政府将为87%的计划成本提供资金,各州根据联邦指导方针建立和管理自己的健康计划.
- 个人可以注册国家批准的私人或公共卫生计划,国家计划作为最后的付款人.
主要成果:
- 美国健康法案旨在通过将其与就业脱而出,提供不间断的医疗保险.
- 它旨在通过增加提供者和健康计划的问责制来控制成本,并减少对利用评估和患者成本共享的依赖.
- 独立估计预计1991年国家卫生支出将减少115亿美元.
结论:
- 1991年的"美国健康法案"提供了一种全面的方法来实现全民健康覆盖.
- 它建议从基于就业的私人保险转向由税收资助的系统,加强财务问责制,并可能降低整体医疗保健成本.
- 该法案促进了登记者和提供者的选择,同时旨在消除无偿护理和成本转移.
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