捕食风险影响鹿的生殖生理和人口统计
Scott Creel1, David Christianson, Stewart Liley
1Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. screel@montana.edu
概括
在黄石山的狼 (Canis lupus) 的存在改变了鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 的行为,减少了它们的繁殖成功. 鹿中增加的反掠食者警与较低的孕激素水平和小牛招募相关.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
- 生殖生理学 生殖生理学
背景情况:
- 捕食者-猎物动态显著影响野生动物行为和人口健康.
- 大黄石生态系统支持鹿和狼之间的复杂相互作用.
- 反捕食者行为可能会给猎物物种带来生理成本.
研究的目的:
- 调查狼存在对鹿种群的生理和人口影响.
- 为了确定鹿的反捕食者行为是否会影响生殖生理学.
- 评估狼和的比例,的压力荷尔蒙和小牛的招募之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在16个站点年内,分析了来自5个鹿种群的1489个便样本.
- 测量便中孕激素度作为生理压力的指标.
- 孕激素水平与与狼的比例以及随后的小牛招募率的相关性.
主要成果:
- 鹿的便中孕激素度随着鹿与狼的比率下降而显著下降.
- 较低的孕激素水平强烈预测了第二年的小牛招募减少.
- 这些发现表明,与鹿的反捕食者行为相关的生理成本.
结论:
- 狼的存在间接影响鹿的生殖生理和人口统计.
- 反捕食者行为的成本,由狼的存在调解,影响鹿种群动态.
- 了解这些间接影响对于捕食者丰富的生态系统中的野生动物管理至关重要.
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