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相关概念视频

Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest individual units of elements. Each atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Together, these three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.The History of Atomic TheoryThe first person to propose that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles was the Greek philosopher Democritus, around 450 B.C. He used the term atomos, Greek for “indivisible,” from which the modern term “atom” is derived.
Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.Electrons Orbit the NucleusElectrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Atomic Structure01:17

Atomic Structure

The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one another and (3) are...
Electron Behavior01:09

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...

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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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含有平均180个原子的PtPd双金属纳米粒子元素组成对电化学氧降解反应动力学的影响.

Heechang Ye1, Richard M Crooks

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
概括

- (PtPd) 纳米颗粒被合成了不同的Pt:Pd比率. 最佳的5:1比率显著提高了氧降解反应 (ORR) 活性,与纯相比增加了2.4倍.

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科学领域:

  • 纳米技术 纳米技术
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 电化学 电化学 电化学

背景情况:

  • 开发高效的电催化剂对于燃料电池技术至关重要.
  • 双金属纳米粒子为增强的催化活性提供可调节的特性.
  • 控制纳米粒子组成和尺寸是优化性能的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了合成和描述具有可控组成的PtPd双金属纳米粒子.
  • 为了研究Pt:Pd比对氧降解反应 (ORR) 活性的影响.
  • 为了确定最佳的Pt:Pd比率以提高ORR性能.

主要方法:

  • 在poly ((amidoamine) 树脂体内合成PtPd纳米粒子.
  • 使用传输电子显微镜 (TEM) 和单粒子能量分散光谱 (SP-EDS) 进行表征.
  • 使用循环电压计 (CV) 和旋转盘电压计 (RDV) 的电化学评估.

主要成果:

  • 成功制备了7个PtPd纳米粒子组合,平均有180个原子.
  • 在所有组合中,TEM证实了一致的纳米粒子大小.
  • SP-EDS验证了元素组成与前体比率直接相关.
  • 电化学研究表明,Pt:Pd比率决定了ORR效率.
  • 在5:1的Pt:Pd比率下观察到最大的ORR活性.

结论:

  • PtPd双金属纳米颗粒可以精确地用可调节组合物进行合成.
  • Pt:Pd比是确定ORR催化活性的一个关键因素.
  • 5:1的Pt:Pd比率显著提高了ORR质量活动,显示了燃料电池应用的前景.