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多模式神经电路的快速光学询问

Feng Zhang¹, Li-Ping Wang, Martin Brauner

¹Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

|April 6, 2007

概括

研究人员开发了一种新的光遗传工具,Natronomonas pharaonis光驱 (NpHR),用于精确的神经抑制. 这种工具使神经回路的全光学控制成为可能,进步了神经科学研究.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
视觉遗传学视觉遗传学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

了解神经电路需要工具来精确控制特定的神经元活动.
现有的光遗传工具主要集中在激发上,限制了双向控制.

研究的目的:

确定和开发一种用于精确抑制神经活动的新型光遗传工具.
创建一个对现有激发技术的补充工具,用于神经回路的全光学询问.

主要方法:

来自Natronomonas pharaonis的古老光驱化物 (NpHR) 的识别和特征.
测试NPHR在抑制哺乳动物脑组织和Caenorhabditis elegans的神经活动中的有效性.
整合NPHR与Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) 进行双向光学控制.

主要成果:

NpHR能够暂时精确地抑制神经活动的光学抑制,包括单动作潜能的淘汰和持续的尖端阻塞.
在没有外源辅因子的哺乳动物中,NPHR的功能是有效的.
NpHR和ChR2可以组合用于哺乳动物大脑组织中神经活动的双向光学调制和读取,以及控制C. elegans的运动.

结论:

NpHR代表了神经电路查询光遗传工具的重大进步.
NpHR和ChR2的组合提供了一个完整的系统,用于多式联络,高速,基因向,全光学控制活的神经回路.

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