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一种单价口服1型脊髓灰质炎疫苗的保护效果:一个病例控制研究
Nicholas C Grassly1, Jay Wenger2, Sunita Durrani2
1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 24, 2007
概括
高强度单价口服1型脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (mOPV1) 对印度1型性脊髓灰质炎的有效性显著提高. 这种新的疫苗提供了更好的保护,有助于快速消除脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播.
科学领域:
- * 疫苗学和传染病流行病学
- * 公共卫生和预防医学
背景情况:
- *2005年开发高强度单价口服1型脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (mOPV1),以应对持续性脊髓灰质炎传播.
- * 需要评估印度mOPV1的疗效,印度是一个持续流通脊髓灰质炎病毒的国家.
研究的目的:
- * 评估mOPV1在预防印度1型麻性脊髓灰质炎的有效性.
- * 为了将mOPV1的疗效与现有的三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (tOPV) 的疗效进行比较.
主要方法:
- * 病例控制研究使用2076匹配对确认的1型野生脊髓灰质炎病例和非脊髓灰质炎急性性 (AFP) 病例.
- *通过非脊髓灰质炎AFP病例的疫苗接种覆盖率数据估计人口免疫力.
- * 计算每剂量疫苗的疗效.
主要成果:
- *mOPV1在持续传播的地区,对1型性疾病的每剂量估计有30%的保护效果,明显高于tOPV的11%.
- *在mOPV1引入后,0-23个月龄的儿童的1型脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种率从2004年的59%增加到2006年底的76-82%.
- *由于感染率高,mOPV1在疫苗有效性受损的条件下几乎是tOPV的三倍.
结论:
- *高强度的mOPV1比三价疫苗对1型脊髓灰质炎的疫苗有效得多,特别是在具有挑战性的传播环境中.
- * 实现高的mOPV1疫苗接种覆盖率对于加速消除流行地区的脊髓灰质炎病毒传播至关重要.
- *这些发现支持在脊髓灰质炎根除工作中战略性地使用mOPV1.
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