食物摄入的荷尔蒙控制
Anthony P Coll1, I Sadaf Farooqi, Stephen O'Rahilly
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom.
Cell
|April 24, 2007
概括
像和类固醇这样的体内激素通过作用于关键大脑区域来调节食欲. 这篇评论综合了这些脂肪细胞,肠道和胰腺中的激素如何影响食物摄入的证据.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 代谢过程中的代谢.
背景情况:
- 食欲调节是一个复杂的过程,受到众多内源信号分子的影响.
- 激素在调节能量平衡和食物摄入方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 关键的调节部位包括下丘脑,脑干和自主神经系统.
研究的目的:
- 综合最近关于循环激素在食欲控制中的作用的科学证据.
- 提供来自脂肪细胞,胃肠道和胰腺的激素的概述.
- 阐明这些激素影响食物摄入的机制.
主要方法:
- 最近科学出版物的文献综述.
- 综合来自实验和观察研究的证据.
- 对参与食欲调节的荷尔蒙途径的分析.
主要成果:
- 循环中的和类固醇是食欲的关键调节剂.
- 来自脂肪组织,胃肠道和胰腺的激素显著影响食物摄入.
- 这些激素通过大脑和自主神经系统的神经通路发挥作用.
结论:
- 激素信号传递是对食欲的生理控制的核心.
- 了解这些激素的作用对于解决代谢障碍至关重要.
- 对这些途径的进一步研究可能会揭示食欲管理的治疗点.
相关概念视频
01:40Hormonal Regulation
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
01:01Feedback Loops
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
01:33Hormonal Regulation
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
01:19Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Humoral stimuli,...
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
01:30Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...