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相关概念视频

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

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Overview
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Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

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Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
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Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types01:19

Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
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相关实验视频

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Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord
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状神经的分子结构支持神经系统集中在双边的共同起源.

Alexandru S Denes1, Gáspár Jékely, Patrick R H Steinmetz

  • 1Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany.

Cell
|April 24, 2007
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概括

这项研究揭示,类动物Platynereis dumerilii与脊椎动物共享其神经系统的保存分子结构. 这一发现表明双胞胎神经系统集中的共同进化起源.

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科学领域:

  • 进化发育生物学 进化发育生物学
  • 比较的神经生物学的比较.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 神经系统集中化的进化起源是理解双胞胎进化的关键问题.
  • 像Platynereis dumerilii这样的类动物,为早期双边发展提供了洞察力.
  • 将化物神经发育与其他双边生物进行比较,可以阐明祖先状态.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究Platynereis dumerilii中干部神经系统的分子结构.
  • 为了与脊椎动物和昆虫的神经发育模式进行比较.
  • 为了推断最后一个共同的双边祖先的神经系统集中化的祖先状态.

主要方法:

  • 在Platynereis dumerilii neuroectoderm中分析基因表达模式 (nk和pax基因).
  • 在双胞胎细胞中对神经发育基因表达和信号通路 (Bmp信号) 的比较分析.
  • 识别保存的原始细胞域和神经细胞类型.

主要成果:

  • 普拉丁尼雷斯杜梅里里尼神经ectoderm表现出由nk和pax基因表达定义的纵向原生域.
  • 这些域与脊椎动物的神经管域相对应,并产生保存的神经细胞类型.
  • 在Platynereis中神经模式基因由Bmp信号调节,类似于脊椎动物.

结论:

  • 在Platynereis中神经系统的中侧架构与脊椎动物的结构是一致的.
  • 这种保存的架构表明它存在于最后一个共同的双边祖先中.
  • 这些数据支持共享的神经系统集中在双边的共同进化起源.