在赞比亚改善了诊断测试和疟疾治疗实践
Davidson H Hamer1, Micky Ndhlovu, Dejan Zurovac
1Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass 02118, USA. dhamer@bu.edu
JAMA
|May 24, 2007
概括
在赞比亚,疟疾诊断的使用不足,导致经常使用抗疟疾药物过度治疗,即使检测结果是阴性. 改善诊断使用需要改变临床实践,对于没有确诊疟疾的发烧患者.
科学领域:
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
- 传染病研究 传染病研究
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 通过快速抗原检测诊断试验 (RDTs) 提高疟疾诊断准确度对于减少过度治疗至关重要.
- 在撒哈拉以南的非洲,基于美素的组合疗法被广泛应用.
研究的目的:
- 评估使用显微镜和RDTs与抗疟疾药物处方率之间的关联.
- 评估赞比亚卫生机构的诊断测试使用率和抗疟疾药物处方模式.
主要方法:
- 2006年3月至5月进行了一项横截面的,集群样本调查.
- 在赞比亚4个哨戒区的政府和传教卫生机构的门诊患者收集的数据.
- 分析了接受疟疾诊断程序并接受抗疟疾治疗的患者比例.
主要成果:
- 只有17%的设施拥有功能性显微镜,63%的设施有RDTs可用.
- 27.8%的可用诊断的发烧患者进行了测试,其中44.6%的测试结果呈阳性.
- 58.4%的血液涂抹结果为阴性,35.5%的RDT结果为阴性的患者被处方抗疟药.
- 在没有诊断测试的发烧患者中,65.9%的人也接受了抗疟药.
结论:
- 在赞比亚,疟疾诊断仍未得到充分利用,尽管检测结果呈阴性,但抗疟疾药物处方频繁.
- 有效减少不适当的抗疟疾使用需要将新的诊断工具与发烧患者临床管理的重大变化相结合.
- 对出现发烧但没有确诊的疟疾感染的患者的临床实践需要实质性修改.
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