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生态:青数量减少的直接原因?
Ines Di Rosa1, Francesca Simoncelli, Anna Fagotti
1Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, Perugia 06123, Italy. inesdir@unipg.it
Nature
|June 1, 2007
概括
全球变暖可能与两动物的减少有关,但菌 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) 不总是唯一的原因. 在疾病在意大利出现之前,一种新的非致病性真菌形式是常见的.
科学领域:
- 类学 类学 类学 类学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 病原体研究研究病原体研究.
背景情况:
- 两动物的数量下降是一个全球性的问题,气候变化和 chytrid 菌 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) 有关.
- 气候相关的流行病假说表明,全球变暖加剧了胆菌菌病的爆发.
研究的目的:
- 调查巴特拉科希特里乌姆 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) 在意大利特拉西门诺湖地区两动物数量下降中的作用.
- 检查两动物数量下降和奇特菌菌病的存在之间的时间关系.
- 挑战对特定病原体作为两动物损失的唯一驱动因素的单一关注.
主要方法:
- 1999年至2002年在特拉西梅诺湖地区进行实地观测和采样.
- 在水Rana lessonae种群中识别和描述菌Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
- 监测两动物的健康状况和多年来疾病的流行率.
主要成果:
- 在1999年至2002年期间,在研究区域中普遍存在菌Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
- 在此期间,一种以前未经记录的非致病性菌形式被发现.
- 这种由真菌引起的疾病 - - 奇特利多米科斯 - - 直到2003年才被观察到,也就是这种真菌最初广泛存在的几年之后.
结论:
- 这些发现挑战了全球变暖和两动物减少之间的直接联系,仅仅是通过致病性菌的爆发.
- 非致病性真菌菌株的存在表明复杂的宿主-寄生虫相互作用和环境因素影响疾病的出现.
- 更广泛地了解宿主-寄生虫生态是至关重要的,因为专注于单一的病原体可能会过分简化两动物数量下降的原因.
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